Working Principle of Mining Machinery

Mining machinery industry is one of the important basic industries providing equipment for the mining and processing of solid raw materials, materials and fuels, serving in ferrous and non-ferrous metal metallurgy, coal, building materials, chemical and nuclear industries and other important basic industrial sectors, and its products are also widely used in transportation, railroads, construction, water conservancy and hydropower, and other basic sectors of the infrastructure. Mining machinery according to the different types of machines, its working principle also has its own characteristics. Today, we will learn about their working principle.

Rock drills in machinery are used to drill medium-hard rocks with a diameter of 20 to 100 mm and a depth of less than 20 meters. Surface mine drilling rigs are divided into wire rope impact drilling rigs, down hole drilling rigs, drum drilling rigs and rotary drilling rigs according to the different working mechanisms of crushing rocks. Among them, wire rope percussion drilling rigs have been gradually replaced by other drilling rigs due to low efficiency.

Tunneling machinery in mining machinery is a kind of roadway or shaft-forming machinery and equipment, which utilizes the axial pressure and rotational force of the tool to produce rolling action on the rock surface, directly crushing ores and rocks. The tools used include disk hob, wedge hob, spherical hob and milling cutter. According to the different ways of digging, it can be divided into patio drilling machine, shaft drilling machine and flat road digging machine.

Centrifugal concentrator in machinery is mainly composed of main machine and control mechanism, which is used to recover metal ore particles from fine mud. In the centrifugal force field generated by the high-speed rotation of the main cone, the heavy ore particles are deposited on the wall of the cylinder to become the concentrate, while the light ore particles are attached to the surface of the concentrate, and are subjected to the action of the flow film (slurry flow), the action, and discharged from the cylinder to become the tailings.

Mining machinery in the magnetic separator is a kind of use of various minerals of magnetic differences, through the magnetic and mechanical force of the way to separate the role of the mineral machine. Magnetic separator consists of magnetic system, sorting device, ore inlet and outlet device. There are many kinds of magnetic separator, including permanent magnetic drum magnetic separator, electromagnetic flat ring high intensity magnetic separator and high gradient high intensity magnetic separator.

The flotation machine in the machinery is a machine that utilizes the differences in the physical and chemical properties of the surface of the ore particles to separate the fine minerals. Ore flotation machine is attached with flotation chemicals. Through compressed air or mechanical agitation, the ore particles that are not easily wetted by water attach to the air bubbles, rise to the liquid surface, and are discharged as concentrate through the ore discharge device. Ore particles that are easily wetted by water remain in the tank and are discharged as middle tailings.

The concentrate obtained from wet beneficiation needs to be treated by dewatering machinery to realize solid-liquid separation. Dewatering machinery can be divided into thickeners, filters, centrifugal dewaterers and dryers.